Fluid change and reversing gear.



H.LENz. FLUID CHANGE AND REVi-R'SING GEM. APPLICIV'lON FILED OCT. 21. 1914,."

. Patezi'ted` Oct'. 5,

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s AN H. LEN'TL i FLfUID CHANGE'AND .REVERSING GEAR. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 21. 19.14.

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. Patented @en 5, 1915.

H. LENTZ.

FLUIDv CHANGE AND REVERSING GEAR.- APPLlcATloN FILED QcT.21.1914.

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SUez/Sy Patented Oct. 5, 1915,

HUGO LENTZ, or BERLIN-HALENSEE, GiiRivrAiiY. .v

FLUID'CIIANGE'AD REVERSING GEAR.

Application led October 21, 1914. 'Serial No; 867,892.

T all whomit may concern:

Be it known th'at I, HUGO LENTZ, a citi- Zen of the German Empire, and reside-nt .of Berlin-Halensee, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in `Fluid Change and Reversing Gears, f of'v which the following is a specification.

My invention'relates to improvements influid change and reversing gears, and more particularly in change and reversinggears in which a set of rotary pumpsof one`or more sections and a'rotary motor of similar construction are mounted within a casing in tially the form of -a uniform oval band. 'If44 the passages are'made narrower at certain -r' parts thanjat' other parts,yet the cross-sec# f tion can jbe made uniform by -constructing such a way that the motor is driven by the pressure fluid from the pumps, and in which the sets of pumps and motors andcontrol'- ling members disposed between the same are parallel to 'one another. Ordinarily lthe power medium for transmitting the power freni the pumps t0 the motor is a nonelastic liquid. Gears of this. class are designed for example on board of ships for` transmitting power from the engine ,to the propeller shaft.

The object of the improvements Vis to pro! vide an apparatus of this class .in which rthe sets of pum-ps and motors are mounted with-A in separate bushings and the circumferential passages for the power medium are formed.

by the said bushings and the casing which' for this purpose are provided respectively with apertures or ports and ribs. When constructing the gearingin this way the passages are laid open when removing thev bushings from the casing. Therefore the form of the casing is` very simple, so that the 'cost lof the manufacture is low, and an easy access can be had tothe' passages.

Therefore 'I amenabled to have the wallsl'ofthe passages entirely smooth and thereby to reduce the hydraulic resistances and to in.-

crease the eliic'iency of the gearing, while in -gearings now in use the efliciency is convsiderablv reduced because the passages fo'r'jv thefluid are formed by -the rough walls off y the cast casing. 4Furthermore the bushings and the apertures or ports formedl therein can easily be manufactured 'independ'entlv :of the casing. The `passages have simple f forms and they lare made insuch a wav that the current of the pressure fluidhas substan- Speci'cation of LettersPatent.

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the passages 'at such 'parts' with greater 'depthv f 4' *A further object of the improvements is `to mount the bushingswithin the casing infy such a wayjthat there is no loss of Huid be'- tween the -bushings and the walls of the casing. For' this' purpose the bushings are pressed into the bores made. inI the casing under a pressurewhich is higher than the .pressure 'of the Huid on the bushings. y `l- For' the purpose of explainingthe inven'- tion tivo examples embodying the same have been shown in the accompanying drawings,

beenused in a'll the views to indicate corresponding parts. 1

.. In saiddrawings Figure 1,. is'a cross-section fof the apparatus taken on the line l1-1 ,of Fig. 2, theapparatus shownin the figure comprising a set ofsingle actingpumps cooperating with a Huid motor which receives the 'jet of Huid at two points located diametrically opposite each other, Fig. 2, is anaxial vsection of the Aapparatus taken on the line 2-2of Fig. 1, Fig; 3,.is a section taken on the line 3-3 of Fig..1, Fig. 4 shows a f in which the saine'lletters` ofreference have development of the innerwall of the casing f to illustrate the passages located around the set of motors, Fig. 5, 1s across-section of a modification ofthe apparatus in which a double set of pumps is provided, the section being' taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 6, Fig.

of Fig. 5, Figs. 7-9, are sectionstaken rej spectively on lthe lines 7- 7, 8 8, and 9--9 ofA F ig.` 5, F ig. 10,.-shows.adevelopment .of the inner wall of, the vcasing of the appa-' ratus shown'in Figs. 5 'te 9 and illustrating the form ofthe passages located around the set ofpumps, and Fig. lis a developed 'view .ofthe inner wall of the motor bushinppf` showing certain passages formed partly in" said bushing and partly in the casing'- Referring. 'to the 'example illustrated in Figs. v1 .to 4, a set of pressure pumps A, A and a" set of motors B' are inclosed within a common. casing C. The set of pumps con* sis'tsl of'two 'singleactin-g' pressure pumps A andA, they pump A being constructed so as to force twice a's'muchA fluid' as the pump A', in order to permit variation ofthe speed of .the driven memberaccorc'lingly. The v'set ofpumps Aland A is mounted on -a shaft'D f Y '6, isan aXial section taken on the line 6 6 Awhich?idsupported atits'outer ends in ball bearingsc-provided,inside Walls E and Ej iio of the casing, and internally of the casing in similar ball bearings e provided in an annular box e. rl`he pumps are constructed in the form of rotary pumps the blades a of which are adapted to be shifted in radial direction by means of cam grooves (L. The set of motors B is Ysecured to the driven shaft AF which is mounted parallel to the shaft D the passages for the flow of the power medium betweenthe sets of pumps and motors. rI`he passages are controlled by two valves K and L which are located between the sets of pumps and-motors and parallel to the shafts D' and F, K being the controlling valve which may be constructed in two parts corresponding to the two pumpsfA and A, so that the pump A. or the pump A, or both pumps A and A can be thrown out of operation accrding to the position of the valve. rlhe valve L is provided for reversing the current of the power medium and the direction of rotation of the driven shaft F.

The passages provided bythe bushings and the casing C are constructed as follows, reference being had at first to the passages 1ocated between the valves K and L and around the pressure pump A. Between the bushing H and the drum of the pump A an annular working chamber R for reciprocating blades or pistons a isprovided. The said working chamber communicates through an aperture or port h made in the bushing H with a pressure chamber M and through an aperture or port 71. with the suction chamber Q, located between the pump and the valve L. The pressure chamber M eX tends between the bushing H vand the casing C and from the regulating valve K to the reversing valve L, and it communicates ac. cording to the positions of the said valves through ports m and m respectively with a pressure passage-hT or a suction passage B. Between the controlling valves l and L a by-passage Q is provided in the easing C, the inner wall of said by-passage being formed partly by the bushing H. The passages whieh are loeatedaround the pump A are arranged in a similar way, and they are separated from the pump A by a circumferential rib c. For this `reason the same letters of reference have been used to indicate the said passages. lin a similar way the passages located around the set of motors are provided by the bushing li and the casing C..

However, as the motor receives the pressure fluid at two. points the passages are disposed in a different way. The circumferential pressure passage N N which begins from the controlling valve li is passed around the bushing l at one sidethereof and between the bushing and the casing C. Vlhe first part of the said passage extends over the whole breadth or' the casing and it is subdivided only by ribs n which however are formed directly behind the controlling valve l with notches In through ,which the current of the pressure medium discharged from the pumps A and A is directly distributed overthe whole width of the pressure passage N. The walls or ribs c which border the pressure passage at its sides 'are made tapering toward cach other and downward, asis shown in Fig. 4, so that the pressure passage is reduced in width at its vlower end, as is shown in Fig. .U2 at N. The end of .the passage N communicates Athrough an opening or port a" made in the bushing l, with the left hand section C of the working chamber provided between the bushing l and the rotary drum of the motor B. The said section C oi, the working chamber is connectedv through a Jurtherl opening or port i madcin the bushing l, .with the suction passage B leading to @the re versing valve L. Furthermore the pressure passage N communicates ata. point located immediately at the rear of the controlling valve K and rthrough an opening or port li with the right hand part C of the working chamber. et its lower end the part @lis not connected to the middle' passage N which is located directly below ther same, but it is separated therefrom by the solid wall ofthe bushing l, 'as is best shown in Fig. 3. But at both sides of thesaidpassage N whiehis reduced in width i; this part-openings or ports p are provided in the bushing l through which the working"chamber U communicates with branches l. 'of the sucf passage l), which branches are located at opposite sides ot the pressure passage ll". rllhe branches B are separated from each other by the ribs c and the nose vided on the casing C.

rEhe operation of the apparatus is as .tollows: lt may be assumed for the present that only the small pump A forces pressure fluid (liquid) so thatthe driven member F rotates at its lowest speed, and that the valves K and lL are lin the positions shown in Fig. l, so that the driven member F rotatesin forward (clockwise) direction. Under these circumstances the pump A.

orcesthe pressure Huid` through the port it c pron parted to the driven member, and also when both pumps are' in operation vfor imparting flows through the pressure passage' N., N

vand the port 2f to the left hand part. of the motor B. Thereby the pressure on the set of motors is perfectly balanced. After the fluid has developed power within the motor .one-part of the fluid is discharged through port z' and directly into the suction passage P, while the other part flows theretothrough the ports p' and the lateral branch passages 4P. The currents of the discharged fluids combine before the open vvalve L 'and' flow back to the pump through the suction passage Ql and the port' L The same circuit is followed by the pressurefluid, when the small pump A. is thrown. out of operation and the large pump A is thrown into operatiomso that the medium speed is imthe maximum speed to the driven member,

For reversing the driven member the con- I trolling valves K and L are setV in the positions'shownin dotted lines in Fig. l.' The direction of rotation of the pump remainsl the same'as'before, and the powermediumw flows through -the chamber M, the port m', the. valve 'L and the passage P which now has the function of the pressure passage. From the passage P the fluid is-.suppli-ed to the working chamber 0 of the piston through the'port z' and to the chamber 0 through the branchpassages P and ports p'.

Therefore the power medium acts on the motor B in the-reverse direction. After the power medium has developed power it flows through the ports and 71 and into'the passage N', N which before was the pressure .passage,' and linally through the bypas-V 4sage Q and the suction passage Q to the Asuction port L of the pump.

In the example shown in Figs..5 to 10 the apparatus is constructed-substantially in the same way as in the example shown in Figs. 1 to 4, the difference residing merely in the construction of the set of pumps A,

`^ A. Awhich lare double acting. Therefore,

those parts of the apparatus which are constructed in the same way as the cor-responding parts of the example shown in Figs. 1 to 4 have received the same letters of reference,

The passages for the power .medium forced by the pumps A and A are alike andv tion being either direct or through. by--passages S which are subdivided .by-ribs. s.

The suction chamber Q Acommunicates, with.

the working chamber R through ports 71..

Asappears from Fig. 10, the by-pas'sages and pressure passages S have not the same width 'throughout theirl lengths, but they are reduced in width along the part S to the .width ofthe ports 4LThese parts of.,t-he

pressure passages ,S are v'disposed' .between bifurcated extensions Q of. the 4suotionpassage Q which-isfdisposed around the left hand section 'of' the bushings H, H', as is shown infFig. 10.'.The passages are separated from one anotherby ribs 'g 'made in- .tegral with the casing C and the bushings. The ends of the suction passages Q com- .municate' with thex annular Vchamber R' openings g which are made iii the..

through bushings aterally ofthe pressure passages vvS"y at points diametrically opposite to the ports la. Furthermore ythe casing and the bushing I provide passages T. and'U. The p assage T connects the port z' and thet suction .passage P withthe controlling valve K by'means ofl which the end t of tl e passage "T which communicates with the pressure passage N can be closed or opened. In aA similar'wa'y passages U lead from the port z' and pressure passage N to a channel or port a controlled by the reversing valve L which .connects the suction chamber Q with the pressure passage N, andthe two lateral branches or passages U. are disposed at opposite sides of theA passage T which is reduced in width in comparison `with the end portion t.. 4

W'hen the valves K and -L are in the positions shown in Fig. 5 forward movement is imparted to the driven member by the" presl sure medium. If one of the pumps'or both pumps are in operation the power mediumis forced as well through the port z. and' the passages S,"S, as through the port L 4and the open controlling valve K into the pressure passage N. Here the current is divided in twobranc'hes inthe same way as has been described with reference to Figs. l` tov 4, and

lit acts on the` motor from opposite sides through 'the ports i and z". l

Afterthe fluid has developed power it is discharged from the motor through the s`uc-` tion passage P and the'epen reversing valve balanced'.

For reversing the apparatus the `valves K and Lare set in the positions shown in dotted'lines, so that the power` medium flowsv through the passage T shownin full lines in Fig. 5 lto the opposite side ofthe setof motorsand'driv'es' the saine in the opposite L intothesuction passage Q, from which it .flows to the pump throughtheports h and g. -Therefore'lthe pressureon the pump'isy direction. The discharged fluid is returned. l

passages U. The shape and arrangement of the passagesl u, T, t is shown best in Fig. l11, where the l,passages U, u are indicated by ldotted lines and the passageT, t

Vto the suction passage AQ through the by.-' l

by dashes. The centrally-located relatively 1 narrow passage portion T communicates at its left-hand end, with the port i, and at its right-hand end with the relatively wide passage end z (controlled by the valve Ii). The right-hand ends of the two narrow passages Il communicate with the port i, and their left-hand ends with the wide channel or port u (controlled by the reversing valve L) In order to-fit the bushings into the casing so tightly as to avoid leakage between bushings and casing, the bushings are given p an initial outward tension greater than the separating pressure which would be exerted at the same points by the liquid under pres sure.

IVhile in describing the invention reference has' been made to two examples in which the pump and motor are madein sections, and in which' they are double acting, I wish it to be understood that my invention is not limited to apparat-us of such constructions.

Furthermore my invention is not limited to a constructionin which'tlie passages for the power medium are disposed in the manc ner described around both members, that is the pumps and the motors. i

Furthermore myiinvention is not limited to a construction in which the ends SQQA and N', Pl -of the pressure and suction passages are disposed on opposite sides of each other. For example'the said passages may be reduced at their ends and disposed one beside the other. However, the construc-` tion shown in the figures is preferable, be cause in this case the current ofthe pres y sure medium which is in the form of a uniform band is uniformly reduced in width from the outside and iinvard,"and is uni.- formly branched and can be uniformly com' bined again over the whole width of the casing at the rear of this part.

I claim herein as my'invention:

1. In an apparatus of the class described,

the combination with a casing, a pressure pump, and a motor having at least two ad; mission ports and adapted to be operated by the pressure fluid from said pressure pump, of a bushing fitted `within said casing and inclosing the operating member of said niotor, the passages connecting said'pumpand motor being provided with circumferential portions located at the contacting surfaces 0f said bushing and casing, the suction and pressure passages 'provided between the bushing and the casingv being so arranged as to be located with parts of their lengths be` side each other and .communicating with their ends through ports made in the bushing with the ends of the section of the mot-or to which the fluid is to be supplied.

2. In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a casing, a pressure pump, and a motor adapted to be operated by the pressure fluid from said' pressure pump,.of a bushing fitted withnsaid "casing" and inclosing the operating member of lsaid pump, the passages connecting said pump and motor being provided with circumferential portions located at the contacting surfaces of said bushing and casing, and 4one ,of said passages being bifurcated over a part of its length and so arranged with the'bifur-- cated portion relatively to the other passages -length and soarranged with the bifurcated portin relatively to the other passages as to be located at opposite sides thereof.

4. -In an apparatus of the class described, the combination with a casing, apressure pump, and a motor adapted -to be operated pump, of a'bushing fitted within said casing and inclosing the operating member .of said pump, the passages connecting. said pump and motor being provided with circumferential portions located at the contacting surfaces of said bushing and casing, one of said passages being bifurcated over a part of its length and so arranged with the bifurcated portion relatively to the other passages as to be located at opposite sides thereof, and the 'parts of the passages which are located side wise 'of one another being made with greater depths than the main parts of the passages, so that the cross-sections of the passages re mainf-the same over the -vwhole lengths thereof.

by the pressure fluid from said pressure 5. ,In an' apparatus of the class described,

the -combination with a casing, a pressure pump, and a motor adapted to be operated by the pressure fluid from said pressure pump, of a bushing fitted within said casing and inclosing the operating member of said motor, the passages connecting said pump and motor being` provided with circumferential portions located at the contacting surfacesof said bushing and casing, one of said passages being bifurcated over a part of its` length and so arranged with the bifurcated portionrelatively to the other passages as to be'located 'at opposite sides thereof,.and the parts ofy the passages which are located sidewise of one another being made with greater depths than the main parts of the passages, so thatthe cross sections of the passages remain' the same over the whole lengths thereof.

6L In. a rotary apparatus operating with uids, the combination of a 4rotary member,

` a stationary bushing in Which said member is adapted to rotate, and a casing in which the bushing is located, the bushing being provided With diametrically opposite inlets and With diametrically opposite outlets, and circumferential passages connecting the inlets and the outlets respectively.

7. In a rotary apparatus operating With fluids, the combination of a rotary member and a stationary member in'whi'ch therst named member is mounted to rotate, said stationary member being provided with diametrically opposite inlets and With-'diametrically opposite outlets, and With circumferential passages connecting the inlets and the outlets respectively.4

8.1m an apparatus of the class described,

the combination of a pump having a rotary member and a stationary member in Which s aid rotary member is journaled, said sta-' tionary member being provided with. sucl tion and delivery ports and with a-circumferential passage connecting them, a motor comprising a rotary member and a'station-flA ary memberin Which said rotary member is journaled, the stationary member of the n10- .5 y; tor being provided With diametrically opp0- if site inlet ports, lWith vdiametrically opposite outlet. ports, and With circumferential passages connecting said inlet `ports and outlet ports respectively, passages connecting circumferential motor passages, and reversing vvalves located in said connecting passages and adapted to so` direct the fluid from the circumferential pump passages With the the pump to the lmotor that eitherone set of motor ports or the other; may actas inlets. In testimony whereof, .I have signed this HUGO LENTZ. 

